Python Numbers

There are three numeric types in Python:

int
float
complex

Variables of numeric types are created when you assign a value to them:

Example

x = 1 # int

y = 2.8 # float

z = 1j # complex

To verify the type of any object in Python, use the type() function:

Example

print(type(x))

print(type(y))

print(type(z))

Int

Int, or integer, is a whole number, positive or negative, without decimals, of unlimited length.

Example

Integers:

x = 1

y = 35656222554887711

z = -3255522

print(type(x))

print(type(y))

print(type(z))

Float

Float, or "floating point number" is a number, positive or negative, containing one or more decimals.

Example

Floats:

x = 1.10

y = 1.0

z = -35.59

print(type(x))

print(type(y))

print(type(z))

Float can also be scientific numbers with an "e" to indicate the power of 10.

Example

Floats:

x = 35e3

y = 12E4

z = -87.7e100

print(type(x))

print(type(y))

print(type(z))

Complex

Complex numbers are written with a "j" as the imaginary part:

Example

Complex:

x = 3+5j

y = 5j

z = -5j

print(type(x))

print(type(y))

print(type(z))

Type Conversion

You can convert from one type to another with the int(), float(), and complex() methods:

Example

Convert from one type to another:

x = 1 # int

y = 2.8 # float

z = 1j # complex

#convert from int to float:

a = float(x)

#convert from float to int:

b = int(y)

#convert from int to complex:

c = complex(x)

print(a)

print(b)

print(c)

print(type(a))

print(type(b))

print(type(c))

Note: You cannot convert complex numbers into another number type.

Random Number

Python does not have a random() function to make a random number, but Python has a built-in module called random that can be used to make random numbers: